How to Teach the Present Perfect for ESL Students

The present perfect is one of the most difficult tenses to learn for students. Teaching the present perfect effectively involves making sure students understand that the present perfect in English is always connected in some way to the present moment in time. Many languages including French, German, Spanish and Italian use the present perfect for past events. The present perfect in English covers what happens from a past moment to the present moment in time. Establishing this connection in students minds early will help students avoid mistakes. It helps to divide usage into three major areas: 1) From the past until now: Ive lived in New York for twenty years. 2) Life experience: Ive visited every state in the country. 3) Recent past events that influence the present moment: Ive just had lunch. Start by Speaking about Your Experiences Introduce the present perfect by providing three short situations One about life experiences, one speaking about some things that started in the past and continue into the present. Finally, also illustrate the present perfect for events that influence the present moment in time. Speak about yourself, your family or your friends. Life Experience: Ive visited many countries in Europe. Ive been to Germany and France a few times. My wife has also been in Europe quite a lot. However, our daughter has never visited.Past to Present: My friend Tom has a number of hobbies. Hes played chess for more than fifteen years. Hes surfed since he was a little boy, and hes practiced the art of the Japanese tea ceremony since September.Recent Events that Influence the Present:  Wheres Pete? I think hes gone to lunch, but hes been away for about ten minutes. I know hes been to the bank this afternoon so hes probably decided he needs a nice meal.  Ask students about the differences in these forms. Once the differences have been understood, return to your short scenarios and ask students related questions using the present perfect.Life Experience: Ive visited many countries in Europe. Which countries have you visited? Have you ever been to XYZ?Past to Present: My friend Tom has a number of hobbies. Hes played chess for more th an fifteen years. Which hobbies do you have? How long have you done them?Recent Events that Influence the Present:  What have we just studied? Have you understood the form? Explaining the Present Perfect Using the verbs youve introduced, quickly ask students the infinitive form for each verb. (i.e. Which verb is gone? - go, Which verb is bought? - buy, etc.). After having studied the past simple, students should recognize that many past verbs in -ed whereas others have irregular forms. Introduce the past participle form use in the present perfect. Its a good idea to provide an irregular verb sheet for future reference. Use three timelines showing the differences between usages: life experience, past to present, and recent events. At this point in the curriculum, students should easily be able to switch between positive, negative and question forms. However, its important to point out that questions in the present perfect are most often formed with How long for past to present usage, and Have you ever..? for life experiences. Finally, for present perfect that affects the present moment, its important that students understand the differences between the time expressions just, yet and already as well as for and since for past to present. Comprehension Activities Each of these uses of the present perfect can be practiced through present perfect role plays and reading comprehension activities. Its also a good idea to compare and contrast time expressions used for the present perfect and past simple. Present perfect worksheets and quizzes focusing on differences asking students to choose between the present perfect or the past simple will also help. To practice switching between the present perfect and the simple past practice short conversations with Have you ever...? followed by a question asking for specifics with when, or where. Have you ever been to France? - Yes, I have.When did you go there?Have you bought a car? - Yes, I haveWhen did you buy one? Challenges with the Present Perfect Common challenges with the present perfect include: Use of present perfect for events that happened in the pastSwitching between present perfect and past simple fluidlyUse of yet and already in questions, negative and positive formsUse of since with dates and for with periods of time

Leadership As A Great Leader Essay - 2095 Words

Leadership is a broad term that can be defined in many ways. Strong leaders have been found throughout history. There are many example of great leadership and some leaders who lead individuals in the wrong direction, including the infamous Adolf Hitler. Other positive influenced leaders include Charlemagne Sir Winston Churchill and Julius Caesar and many many more. Leaders can be found in classrooms, multi-billion dollar corporations, churches etc. In fact, leaders are found in almost all aspects of life wither we realize it or not. As you may assume this paper is devoted to leadership. It will look over the definition of leadership, leadership within a business and look at some examples of what it takes to be a great leader. Next we will look at moral leadership, followed by some theories and challenges within leadership. Leadership can be the difference between success and failure. The greatest leader is not necessarily the one who does the greatest things. He is the one that gets the people to do the greatest things. -Ronald Reagan Leadership is a trait that is extremely valuable in any society. Leadership is known as a process of people attempting to make a difference in a situation, but I feel it is better said to be a way of influencing others actions. Being a leader one must maintain an image of being a positive role model. The concept of leadership is way of influencing others actions. Leadership is concept usually connected to a great leader that affected his orShow MoreRelatedLeadership : A Great Leader1551 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership What or who comes to mind when you think about leadership? What is leadership? Leadership is defined as the action of leading a group or an organization. Leadership is not just about leading; it is about being able to lead even with the greatest of adversaries throwing everything they can at you and still being able to succeed as a great leader. 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Management Strategy Supermarket Industry

Question: Discuss about theManagement Strategyfor Supermarket Industry. Answer: Ways of Making Money by Firms in the Supermarket Industry In the supermarket industry, firms operate by way of retail stores in different size and shapes that incorporates low profit margins. Supermarket industry provides easy access to the customers to meet their requirements as per the standard of living that helps in generating revenues. The firms involved in the supermarket industry operates to create value by following the current trends results in generating values, profitability and economies of scale. The procedure that the firms follow in the supermarket industry involves purchase of products in bulk quantity at lower rates and offers the products to customers at lower prices (Liao, Rice Lu, 2015). Further, supermarket industry associates with the updated style of marketing products and consumer services by using the technological advances. Such marketing and service system enables the firms to make money as well as increase turnover. Besides, in view of the grocery sales, supermarket industry experiences fall in revenue and there fore attempts to derive low profits. As a result, cost of firms increases including higher amount of tax and duties. Therefore, it can be said that the supermarket industry is not attractive for all sales sectors (Dawar Stornelli, 2013). Financial Ratio Analysis Reflecting Different Strategies and Competitiveness Whole foods Kroger Safeway Supervalu Gross margin ratio 35 79 73 78 Assets returns ratio 235 385 289 300 Return on assets 8 3 3 -9 Return on equity 11 15 14 -4 Considering the financial ratio of the firms, it can be said that the Whole foods firm pursued low cost strategy while other firms maintained higher costs as well as higher sales strategy in order to derive high profitability. Besides, return on assets reflects the strategy to maintain high value of resources to generate income by first three firms whereas Supervalu firm opted to use higher sales to earn profits. In view of the financial ratios of all the four firms, it has been identified that Supervalu has strong revenues and resources but due to high indirect expenses, the firm incurred net loss while other firms financial ratio reflected positive results. As the return on assets of Whole Foods reflected higher percentage hence, it has been highly competitive among four firms. Key Sources of Trader Joes Competitive Advantage Key sources of Joes competitive advantage incorporate target market at lower prices, so that maximum customers can be approached. Trader Joe considered the strategy of secrecy strategy to maintain the competitive advantage, increase product demand and to pursue market growth. It has been observed that Trader Joe applied the sources of low price strategy to maintain the economies of scale by trading lesser variety of products at large volume, which considers the bargaining power while negotiating with the suppliers (Cucchiella, DAdamo Gastaldi, 2015). In addition, less number of varieties in products has been applied to target the customers having fewer choices keeping the small size of stores. Considering the secrecy strategy, Trader Joe considered not to disclose the identity of the manufacturer of the products to increase its competitive advantage within the supermarket industry. Main Threats to Trader Joes Competitive Advantage and Analysis of Sustainability Major threats to Trader Joes competitive advantage involve market level of Neighborhood that might decline the firms brand value along with the market expansion as well as revelation of identity of suppliers. In addition, increase in the market section by Wal- Mart is a threat to Trader Joe since Wal- Mart has been a largest retailer in the world. On the contrary, expansion of market section in the neighboring areas provides threat in terms of product quality and presentability to the consumers as the products would reflect identical quality (Menkveld, 2013). Similarly, identification of suppliers is a threat in terms of damaging the customer relationship with the suppliers affecting the product availability. Modification of Trader Joes Strategy In view of the financial analysis of the related firm, it has been observed that Supervalu incurred negative returns and negative income. In addition, Trader Joes main threats includes expansion of neighbor market system and suppliers identification hence, it is recommended that Trader Joe should implement innovations in presentation of products. The strategy should incorporate modification in terms of increasing the variety of products so that more consumers get attracted and pursue such products. Trader Joe can also implement the modified strategy by approaching new suppliers so that the materials can be consumed at lower prices and consequently acquire large market level in supermarket industry. Reference List and Bibliography Brook, J. W., Pagnanelli, F. (2014). Integrating sustainability into innovation project portfolio managementA strategic perspective.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,34, 46-62. Cucchiella, F., DAdamo, I., Gastaldi, M. (2015). Financial analysis for investment and policy decisions in the renewable energy sector.Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,17(4), 887-904. Dawar, N., Stornelli, J. (2013). Rebuilding the relationship between manufacturers and retailers.MIT Sloan Management Review,54(2), 83. Liao, T. S., Rice, J., Lu, J. C. (2015). The vicissitudes of competitive advantage: Empirical evidence from Australian manufacturing SMEs.Journal of Small Business Management,53(2), 469-481. McKinley, W., Latham, S., Braun, M. (2014). Organizational decline and innovation: Turnarounds and downward spirals.Academy of Management Review,39(1), 88-110. Menkveld, A. J. (2013). High frequency trading and the new market makers.Journal of Financial Markets,16(4), 712-740. Rothaermel, F. T. (2016). Competitive Advantage in Technology Intensive Industries. InTechnological Innovation: Generating Economic Results(pp. 233-256). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Yim, M. Y. C., Yoo, S. C., Sauer, P. L., Seo, J. H. (2014). Hedonic shopping motivation and co-shopper influence on utilitarian grocery shopping in superstores.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(5), 528-544.